> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://cruxdecussata.gitbook.io/xchain-introduction/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://cruxdecussata.gitbook.io/xchain-introduction/overview/what-is-an-l2-parallel-subnetwork-l2ps/how-l2ps-differs-from-traditional-l2s.md).

# How L2PS Differs from Traditional L2s

Traditional Layer-2 solutions are typically designed to scale a Layer-1 by batching transactions and settling them back to the base layer. L2 Parallel Subnetworks follow a fundamentally different model.

Rather than “catching up” with a Layer-1, L2PS act as **parallel execution environments** that provide resources and services in the most efficient way possible, without requiring continuous settlement or synchronous finality.

| Feature              | Traditional L2       | L2 Parallel Subnetwork (L2PS)                    |
| -------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Execution Dependency | Relies on L1         | Fully autonomous                                 |
| Network Relationship | Follows L1           | Operates in parallel                             |
| Finality             | L1-dependent         | Independent finality                             |
| Resource Usage       | Shared bottlenecks   | Isolated execution lanes                         |
| Use Case             | Scaling transactions | Specialized services (messaging, swaps, privacy) |


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